The Aftereffect for War of Independence

This was a highly disciplined, teach and experienced force. Until France intervened, Great Britain had command of the seas, thus ensuring its mogul to raptus and provision its phalanx from England. Against this force, the Patriots began the war with no navy and a few thousand untrained and ill-disciplined militia and volunteers which over sequence became, match to Johnson, an phalanx with a peak strength of 60,000 and an yearbook desertion rate of 20 percent, and a small however effective navy. Johnson contrasted the military situation in 1775 and 1781 as follows:

the British, who had begun the struggle with an enormous

superiority in trained men and guns and with complete

take c atomic number 18 of the sea, ended it outnumbered, outgunned, and

It would, therefore, appear that Great Britain had the power

to quash the rebellion in the early stages of the war, but failed to do so. Why that happened is a mingled story.

When his infantry stormed Breed's Hill and Bunker Hill outside of capital of Massachusetts on June 18-19, 1775, General Thomas Gage frittered away his numeral superiority by frontal attacks by heavily ladened men against armed redoubts. His forces prevailed but only after fetching enormous casualties. According to Seymour, this revealed that "the British had seriously underestimated the courage, resolution and ability

Washington's army barely survived the raspy winter at Valley Forge (1777-1778). Its endurance was a tribute not only to his leadership but as well as to the long suffering capacity of most of his men. Prussian king von Steuben used the time there to train them and to instill much discipline in them, the lack of which was a continuing problem. Stokesbury says that "by the spring of 1778, the opening of the campaigning season at last, a tough little American army, well-trained if poorly equipped, led by a seasoned and increasingly secure commander, emerged to do engagement with the British."

Stokesbury commented that by the end of 1776, "the Patriot cause might be burning low, but it was still alight." Thomas Paine said that "these are the times that try men's soul.

" The Continental Army was, according to Countryman, "as usual, in a state of near dissolution." The rubbish in 1777 further revealed the respective strengths and weaknesses of the Patriot and British approaches to engagement the war.

According to Johnson, "Britain had no discernible, and certainly no consistent, strategy from low to end." However, long distance communications among Germaine, Howe and General Johnny Burgoyne produced a strategic plan which was designed to cut the colonies in dickens in 1777. Burgoyne was to drive south from Canada and link up with Howe glide slope up from New York City. Meanwhile, the Royal Navy was to support a major effort to capture Philadelphia. Just how these two major actions were to be coordinated was never quite worked out. According to Seymour, "Howe must have known that there were scarcely enough troops to conduct two major campaigns successfully." Burgoyne ran into severe difficulties after winning Fort Ticonderoga. He was defeated at Bennington Vermont and finally surrendered at Saratoga on October 17, 1777. After Howe defeated the Continental army at the Battle of Brandywine Creek on August 11, 1777 and afterwards entered Philadelphia unopposed, he was una
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